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On fate
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Cicero, Marcus Tullius.

On fate = De Fato / Cicero. The Consolation of philosophy = Philosophiae Consolationis IV.5-7, V / edited, with an introduction, translations and commentaries by R.W. Sharples.

Warminster, England : Aris & Phillips, c1991.

Abstract: Cicero and Boethius did more than anyone else to transmit the insights of Greek philosophy to the Latin culture of Western Europe which has played so influential a part in our civilisation to this day. Cicero's treatise On Fate, though surviving only in a fragmentary and mutilated state, records contributions to the discussion of a central philosophical issue, that of free will and determinism, which are comparable in importance to those of twentieth-century philosophers and indeed sometimes anticipate them. Study of the treatise has been hindered by the lack of a combined Latin text and English translation based on a clear understanding of the arguments; Dr Sharples' text is intended to meet this need. The last book of Boethius' Consolation is linked with Cicero's treatise by its theme, the relation of divine foreknowledge to human freedom.

The Cambridge dictionary of philosophy
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The Cambridge dictionary of philosophy / general editor, Robert Audi.

Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 1995.

Abstract: This is the most authoritative and comprehensive one-volume dictionary of philosophy available in English. It contains over 4,000 entries, which range in length from 100 to 4,000 words. The Dictionary has been written by an international team of over 350 experts, so, rather than offering the limited perspective of a single writer, it distils the collective knowledge of the professional community of philosophers in an accessible manner.The Cambridge Dictionary clearly and concisely defines both technical terms and crucial concepts, and will promote the understanding of philosophy on all levels and across all fields. It includes substantial explanatory articles on all major philosophers as well as hundreds of minor figures. There are expansive, up-to-date overviews of all the important sub-disciplines such as ethics, epistemology, metaphysics, philosophy of mind and logic. No other reference work on philosophy contains so many entries on related subjects such as cognitive science, linguistics, theology, law, history of science and literature. Features essays about major and minor philosophers; surveys all the subdisciplines of philosophy, such as ethics, religion, epistemology, and logic; and includes brief definitions of philosophically important terms. Arranged alphabetically with cross-references.

A Critical history of Western philosophy
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O'Connor, D. J. <1914-2012.>

A Critical history of Western philosophy / edited by D.J. O'Connor.

1st pbk. ed.

New York : Free Press, 1985, c1964.

Abstract: A Critical History of Western Philosophy focuses on the most significant thinkers and philosophical movements while emphasizing key ideas of permanent interest and relevance. Arranged chronologically from early Greece to the twentieth century, this comprehensive work includes expert histories of all major figures from Socrates and Plato to G.E. Moore and Bertrand Russell, and of every important school from the Epicureans to the Existentialists. Available in paperback for the first time, this landmark volume examines the course of Western philosophy over the past 2,500 years, focusing on the most signifigant thinkers and philosophical movements while emphasizing key ideas of permanent interest and relevance. The contributors - many of them outstanding contemporary philosophers representing a wide range of philosophical views, such as A.P. Cavendish, Arthur Danto, J.N. Indlay, and Alasdair MacIntyre - lucidly and succinctly explain principal concepts and theories and evaluate them in light of today's knowledge. Arranged chronologically from early Greece to the twentieth century, this comprehensive work includes expert histories of all major figures from Socrates and Plato to G.E. Moore and Bertrand Russell, and of every important school from the Epicureans to the Existentialists. With a fully updated bibliography.

The poet's wisdom
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Kircher, Timothy.

The poet's wisdom : the humanists, the church, and the formation of philosophy in the early Renaissance / by T. Kircher.

Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 2006.

Brill's studies in intellectual history, ; v. 133

Abstract: The book explores the philosophical thinking of Petrarch and Boccaccio in contrast to the writings of contemporary mendicants. Examining both Latin and vernacular works, it investigates how these humanists poetically express the temporal, subjective, and emotional quality of moral sensibility, in a way that shifts to the reader the weight of discerning the ethical message. The book centers its analysis on a series of paradoxes pondered by these humanists: the self that changes yet persists over time; the awareness of self-deception; the individual's validation of authority; and the ethics of pleasure. This study is valuable to those interested in Renaissance philosophy, literature, religion, and the history of ideas.

Al-Fåaråabåi's philosophical lexicon
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Fåaråabåi.

Al-Fåaråabåi's philosophical lexicon = Qåamåus al-Fåaråabåi al-falsafåi / Ilai Alon ; Volume one - Arabic text.

[Cambridge] : E.J.W. Gibb Memorial Trust, 2002.

Abstract: Al-Farabi (d. 950AD) was perhaps the most original and influential of all Muslim philosophers in the Middle Ages. Great thinkers within the Islamic world from Ibn Bajjah to Ibn Rushd, as well as many outside it, such as Maimonides, St Thomas Aquinas and Spinoza refer to his works with the greatest of deference. Al-Farabi's main contribution is the co-systemization of various spiritual disciplines in Islamic non-traditional culture, using them in a courageous and sophisticated manner for promoting a universal world view. According to his view, different cultures and human groups show similar behaviour in similar circumstances, which is evident among other areas in their language, religion, politics and music. The present work compares the Arabic terminology of Al-Farabi with that of his predecessors, by using their own sets of definitions. An English translation is also provided in a separate volume. Wherever possible, Greek parallel terminology is provided, together with the Hebrew and Latin terminologies used in the medieval translations of Al-Farabi's works. The work's two volumes include detailed indices, a detailed bibliography of the philosopher, and an interpretative essay.

Al-Fåaråabåi's philosophical lexicon
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Libri Moderni

Fåaråabåi.

Al-Fåaråabåi's philosophical lexicon = Qåamåus al-Fåaråabåi al-falsafåi / Ilai Alon ; Volume two - English translation.

[Cambridge] : E.J.W. Gibb Memorial Trust, 2002.

Abstract: Al-Farabi (d. 950AD) was perhaps the most original and influential of all Muslim philosophers in the Middle Ages. Great thinkers within the Islamic world from Ibn Bajjah to Ibn Rushd, as well as many outside it, such as Maimonides, St Thomas Aquinas and Spinoza refer to his works with the greatest of deference. Al-Farabi's main contribution is the co-systemization of various spiritual disciplines in Islamic non-traditional culture, using them in a courageous and sophisticated manner for promoting a universal world view. According to his view, different cultures and human groups show similar behaviour in similar circumstances, which is evident among other areas in their language, religion, politics and music. The present work compares the Arabic terminology of Al-Farabi with that of his predecessors, by using their own sets of definitions. An English translation is also provided in a separate volume. Wherever possible, Greek parallel terminology is provided, together with the Hebrew and Latin terminologies used in the medieval translations of Al-Farabi's works. The work's two volumes include detailed indices, a detailed bibliography of the philosopher, and an interpretative essay.

The great instauration
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Bacon, Francis <1561-1626.>

The great instauration / Francis Bacon ; edited by J. Weinberger.

Arlington Heights, Ill. : Harlan Davidson, [1986] c1980.

Abstract: Francis Bacon is considered the father of modern science. He proposed, at his time, a great reformation of all process of knowledge for the advancement of learning divine and human. He called it Instauratio Magna (The Great Instauration). Bacon planned his Great Instauration in imitation of the Divine Work - the Work of the Six Days of Creation, as defined in the Bible, leading to the Seventh Day of Rest or Sabbath in which Adam's dominion over creation would be restored, thus dividing the great reformation in six parts: 1. Partitions of the Sciences 2. New Method 3. Natural History 4. Ladder of the Intellect 5. Anticipations of the 2nd Philosophy 6. The Second Philosophy or Active Science

A history of western philosophy
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Russell, Bertrand <1872-1970.>

A history of western philosophy : and its connection with political and social circumstances from the earliest times to the present day / Bertrand Russell.

New York : Simon and Schuster, c1945.

Abstract: Considered to be one of the most important philosophical works of all time, the History of Western Philosophy is a dazzlingly unique exploration of the ideologies of significant philosophers throughout the ages—from Plato and Aristotle through to Spinoza, Kant and the twentieth century. Written by a man who changed the history of philosophy himself, this is an account that has never been rivaled since its first publication over sixty years ago. Since its first publication in 1945, Lord Russell’s A History of Western Philosophy is still unparalleled in its comprehensiveness, its clarity, its erudition, its grace, and its wit. In seventy-six chapters he traces philosophy from the rise of Greek civilization to the emergence of logical analysis in the twentieth century. Among the philosophers considered are: Pythagoras, Heraclitus, Parmenides, Empedocles, Anaxagoras, the Atomists, Protagoras, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, the Cynics, the Sceptics, the Epicureans, the Stoics, Plotinus, Ambrose, Jerome, Augustine, Benedict, Gregory the Great, John the Scot, Aquinas, Duns Scotus, William of Occam, Machiavelli, Erasmus, More, Bacon, Hobbes, Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Locke, Berkeley, Hume, Rousseau, Kant, Hegel, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, the Utilitarians, Marx, Bergson, James, Dewey, and lastly the philosophers with whom Lord Russell himself is most closely associated—Cantor, Frege, and Whitehead, coauthor with Russell of the monumental Principia Mathematica.

An answer to the question 'What is enlightenment'?
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Kant, Immanuel

An answer to the question 'What is enlightenment'? / Immanuel Kant ; translated by H.B. Nisbet.

Reprint ed.

London : Penguin 2009, c1991

Abstract: Immanuel Kant was one of the most influential philosophers in the whole of Europe, who changed Western thought with his examinations of reason and the nature of reality. In these writings he investigates human progress, civilization, morality and why, to be truly enlightened, we must all have the freedom and courage to use our own intellect. Throughout history, some books have changed the world. They have transformed the way we see ourselves - and each other. They have inspired debate, dissent, war and revolution. They have enlightened, outraged, provoked and comforted. They have enriched lives - and destroyed them. Now Penguin brings you the works of the great thinkers, pioneers, radicals and visionaries whose ideas shook civilization and helped make us who we are.

The audacity of hope
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Obama, Barack

The audacity of hope : thoughts on reclaiming the american dream / BarackObama

New York : Vintage books, c2008

Abstract: The Audacity of Hope is Barack Obama's call for a new kind of politics--a politics that builds upon those shared understandings that pull us together as Americans. Lucid in his vision of America's place in the world, refreshingly candid about his family life and his time in the Senate, Obama here sets out his political convictions and inspires us to trust in the dogged optimism that has long defined us and that is our best hope going forward.

Conspiracy theories in American history
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Conspiracy theories in American history : an encyclopedia / edited by Peter Knight.

Santa Barbara, Calif. : ABC-CLIO, c2003.

Abstract: This work is a comprehensive history of conspiracies and conspiracy theories in the USA. It focuses on the motives and political and social origins of the people arguing the conspiracy. It covers assassinations and sneak attacks, political intrigues, and witch-hunts.

The idea of Africa
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Mudimbe, V. Y. <1941->

The idea of Africa / V.Y. Mudimbe.

Bloomington London : Indiana University Press ; J. Currey c1994.

African systems of thought

Abstract: A sequel to V. Y. Mudimbe's highly acclaimed "The Invention of Africa", this book maps the "idea" of Africa as conceived in various historical and geographical contexts from the Greeks to the present. Mudimbe focuses on two main issues: the Graeco-Roman thematization of otherness and its articulation in such concepts as barbarism and savagery and the complex process that has shaped the idea of Africa as understood by Europeans. In the considerable intellectual space covered, Africa is outlined as a paradigm of difference. Mudimbe proceeds from an interrogation of a seventeenth-century French translation of the Greek Philostratus's "Icones" to considerations of Greek contacts with the African continent, the Greek paradigm and its power, and the politics of memory. Individual chapters critique the present-day reactivation of Greek texts by black scholars and review contemporary activity in African art. Essential reading for anyone interested in the politics and construction of culture.

The making of modern Zionism
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Avineri, Shlomo.

The making of modern Zionism : intellectual origins of the Jewish state / Shlomo Avineri.

New York : Basic Books, c1981.

Abstract: For eighteen centuries pious Jews had prayed for the return to Jerusalem, but only in the revolutionary atmosphere of nineteenth-century Europe was this yearning transformed into an active political movement: Zionism. In The Making of Modern Zionism, the distinguished political scientist Shlomo Avineri rejects the common view that Zionism was solely a reaction to anti-Semitism and persecution. Rather, he sees it as part of the universal quest for self-determination. In sharply-etched intellectual profiles of Zionism's major thinkers from Moses Hess to Theodore Herzl and from Vladimir Jabotinsky to David Ben Gurion, Avineri traces the evolution of this quest from its intellectual origins in the early nineteenth century to the establishment of the State of Israel. In an expansive new epilogue, he tracks the changes in Israeli society and politics since 1967 which have strengthened the more radical nationalist and religious trends in Zionism at the expense of its more liberal strains. The result is a book that enables us to understand, as perhaps never before, one of the truly revolutionary ideas of our time.

Russian thinkers
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Berlin, Isaiah, (1909-1997.)

Russian thinkers / Isaiah Berlin ; edited by Henry Hardy and Aileen Kelly ; with an introd. by Aileen Kelly.

New York : Penguin Books, 1979.

Abstract: The theme that links the essays in this book, written over 30 years, is the phenomenon of the Russian intelligentsia, which Isaiah Berlin describes as "the largest single Russian contribution to social change in the world". The author brings to his portraits of Russian thinkers - and his subject range is as diverse as may be expected - a unique perception of the social and political circumstances that produced men such as Herzen, Bakunin, Turgenev, Belinsky and Tolstoy.

Evanescence and form
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Inouye, Charles Shiråo.

Evanescence and form : an introduction to Japanese culture / Charles Shiro Inouye.

1st ed.

New York : Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.

Abstract: If we thought that reality were changeable, fragile, and fleeting, would we take life more seriously or less seriously? This book contemplates the notion of hakanasa, the evanescence of all things, as understood by the Japanese. Their lived responses to this idea of impermanence have been various and even contradictory. Asceticism, fatalism, conformism. Hedonism, materialism, careerism. What this array of responses have in common are, first, a grounding in hakanasa, and, second, an emphasis on formality. Evanescence and Etiquette attempts to illuminate for the first time the ties between an epistemology of constant change and Japan's formal emphasis on etiquette and visuality.

Zen and japanese culture
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Suzuki, Daisetz T.

Zen and japanese culture / Daisetz T. Suzuki.

Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press, 2010.

Abstract: "Zen and Japanese Culture" is one of the twentieth century's leading works on Zen, and a valuable source for those wishing to understand its concepts in the context of Japanese life and art. In simple, often poetic, language, Daisetz Suzuki describes his conception of Zen and its historical evolution. He connects Zen to the philosophy of the samurai, and subtly portrays the relationship between Zen and swordsmanship, haiku, tea ceremonies, and the Japanese love of nature. Suzuki's contemplative work is enhanced by anecdotes, poetry, and illustrations showing silk screens, calligraphy, and examples of architecture. Since its original publication in 1938, this important work has played a major role in shaping conceptions of Zen's influence on Japanese traditional arts. Richard Jaffe's introduction acquaints a new generation of readers with Suzuki's life and career in both Japan and America. Jaffe discusses how "Zen and Japanese Culture" was received upon its first publication and analyzes the book in light of contemporary criticism, especially by scholars of Japanese Buddhism.

Sources of Japanese tradition, compiled by Ryåusaku Tsunoda, Wm. Theodore de Bary [and] Donald Keene.
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Tsunoda, Ryåusaku, (1877-1964,)

Sources of Japanese tradition, compiled by Ryåusaku Tsunoda, Wm. Theodore de Bary [and] Donald Keene.

New York, Columbia University Press, C1958.

Abstract: Examines Japanese thought through the traditions of Shinto, Buddhism, Confucianism, liberalism, nationalism, and socialism from earliest times to the present.

The scandal of Kabbalah
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Dweck, Yaacob.

The scandal of Kabbalah : Leon Modena, Jewish mysticism, early modern Venice / Yaacob Dweck.

Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, c2011.

Abstract: The Scandal of Kabbalah is the first book about the origins of a culture war that began in early modern Europe and continues to this day: the debate between kabbalists and their critics on the nature of Judaism and the meaning of religious tradition. From its medieval beginnings as an esoteric form of Jewish mysticism, Kabbalah spread throughout the early modern world and became a central feature of Jewish life. Scholars have long studied the revolutionary impact of Kabbalah, but, as Yaacob Dweck argues, they have misunderstood the character and timing of opposition to it. Drawing on a range of previously unexamined sources, this book tells the story of the first criticism of Kabbalah, Ari Nohem, written by Leon Modena in Venice in 1639. In this scathing indictment of Venetian Jews who had embraced Kabbalah as an authentic form of ancient esotericism, Modena proved the recent origins of Kabbalah and sought to convince his readers to return to the spiritualized rationalism of Maimonides. The Scandal of Kabbalah examines the hallmarks of Jewish modernity displayed by Modena’s attack—a critical analysis of sacred texts, skepticism about religious truths, and self-consciousness about the past—and shows how these qualities and the later history of his polemic challenge conventional understandings of the relationship between Kabbalah and modernity. Dweck argues that Kabbalah was the subject of critical inquiry in the very period it came to dominate Jewish life rather than centuries later as most scholars have thought.

Sources of Chinese Tradition
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De Bary, William Theodore - Watson, Burton - Chan, Wing-tsit

Sources of Chinese Tradition / compiled by Wm. Theodore de Bary, Wing-tsit Chan, Burton Watson ; with contributions by Yi-pao Mei ... [et al.]

New York [etc.] : Columbia university press, 1964

Abstract: For four decades Sources of Chinese Tradition has served to introduce Western readers to Chinese civilization as it has been seen through basic writings and historical documents of the Chinese themselves. Now in its second edition, revised and extended through Deng Xiaoping and Jiang Zemin–era China, this classic volume remains unrivaled for its wide selection of source readings on history, society, and thought in the world's largest nation. Award-winning China scholar Wm. Theodore de Bary―who edited the first edition in 1960―and his coeditor Richard Lufrano have revised and updated the second volume of Sources to reflect the interactions of ideas, institutions, and historical events from the seventeenth century up to the present day. Beginning with Qing civilization and continuing to contemporary times, volume II brings together key source texts from more than three centuries of Chinese history, with opening essays by noted China authorities providing context for readers not familiar with the period in question. Here are just a few of the topics covered in this second volume of Sources of Chinese Tradition: Early Sino-Western contacts in the seventeenth century; Four centuries of Chinese reflections on differences between Eastern and Western civilizations; Nineteenth- and twentieth-century reform movements, with treatises on women's rights, modern science, and literary reform; Controversies over the place of Confucianism in modern Chinese society; The nationalist revolution―including readings from Sun Yat-sen and Chiang Kai-shek; The communist revolution―with central writings by Mao Zedong; Works from contemporary China―featuring political essays from Deng Xiaoping and dissidents including Wei Jingsheng. With more than two hundred selections in lucid, readable translation by today's most renowned experts on Chinese language and civilization, Sources of Chinese Tradition will continue to be recognized as the standard for source readings on Chinese civilization, an indispensable learning tool for scholars and students of Asian civilizations.

Security, territory, population
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Foucault, Michel

Security, territory, population : lectures at the collège de France, 1977-78 / Michel Foucault ; edited by Michel Senellart ; general editors: François Ewald and Alessandro Fontana ; English series editor Arnold I. Davidson ; translated by Graham Burchell

Basingstoke ; New York : Palgrave Macmillan : République Française 2007

Abstract: This book derives from Foucault's lectures at the College de France between January and April 1978, which can be seen as a radical turning point in his thought. Focusing on 'bio-power', he studies the foundations of this new technology of power over population and explores the technologies of security and the history of 'governmentality'.